16. Not to mention/to say nothing of

用法：在增加额外信息时，带着一点强调的意味。

E.g.: The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.

展示对比：

在组织论点时，我们经常需要表达对比、相反的观点或论据，比如"it could show this, but it could also show this" 或 “X says this, but Y disagrees”.

除了but以外，下面这些表达，也可以用来表达对比或相反意思，使你的写作看起来更多变有趣。

17.However

用法：引出一个不同于你之前表达的观点。

E.g.:Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.

18.On the other hand

用法：这个短语可以用来对同一个论据作出相对比的解释，或者提出不同的论据，或者提出相反的观点。

E.g.: The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.

19. Having said that

用法：同on the other hand 和“but”用法相同。

E.g.: The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that this version of events must be an accurate account. Having said that, the archaeology tells a different story.

20. By contrast/in comparison

用法：by contrast” or “in comparison” 用来比较相反的论据。

E.g.: Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.