1.5 转折

However,

Yet 轻微转折

And yet we worry when judgments about virtue finds their way into laws.

Whereas

Conversely

Nevertheless

Otherwise, 否则

On the contrary

Instead,表示对上述方式的完全反转

Instead, a just society respects each people’s freedom to choose his or her own conception of the

good life.

Contrarily

Inversely

Contrariwise

Oppositely,

Instead of sth

As opposed to 表示与前述对象的反转对比

The cost of these planes is £3 million, as opposed to the £2 million charged by their competitors.

While 引导从句，表明前后情况不同，做个对比

Rather than. 并不是、而不、并没有, 前后对等

Be honest rather than clever.诚实胜于机巧。

This policy might lead them to stay in harm’s way rather than flee to safety.

Rather than press for maximum advantages, people look out for one another.

1.6对比

While 既可以对比相反的东西，也可以对比稍有不同的

Ancient theories start with virtue while modern theories start with freedom.

On the other hand,

By/In comparison/contrast 对比之下

Their lives were exciting and glamorous； ours seemed dull by comparison.

The virtue argument, by contrast, rests on the judgment that greed is a vice that state should

discourage.

Alternatively，提供另一种思路或方法建议

In/By comparison with sth介词

This essay will briefly review the cons and pros of imprisonment in comparison with job training.

By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot.

Compared with/to